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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a common neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4 percent of the population. It is accompanied with high rates of comorbidity, such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse and significant social, emotional and occupational impairments. Medications and psychotherapy are both effective treatments for adults with ADHD. The most commonly prescribed medications are stimulants, such as methylphenidate and amphetamine. Medications Many people with ADHD notice significant improvements in their symptoms as well as functioning in response to medications. Due to the many different ways people respond to medications it is crucial for people with ADHD to discover a combination that is effective. Adults suffering from ADHD are prescribed stimulants, such as amphetamines and methylphenidate. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid forms and can be taken as frequently as every three to four hours. Adults can supplement their immediate-release medicine with an extended release, long-acting medicine once a week to reduce the need to take it frequently throughout the day. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be treated successfully with antidepressants such as desipramine. This class of drugs may be utilized together with stimulants or on their own to boost their effects. However, they can increase the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects like an increased heart rate, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Adults suffering from ADHD can also be treated using alprazolam or clonidine. They are both Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists. These drugs, initially developed to treat high blood pressure, can have the ability to calm and enhance focus and decrease hyperactivity and impulsivity in certain adults. However, these medications could result in a drop in blood pressure if they are abruptly stopped or reduced in dosage. Adults suffering from ADHD may also benefit from psychotherapy. Individual talk therapy can help them cope with feelings of shame and embarrassment over their ADHD and anger toward supervisors, colleagues, teachers and family members who may nag or criticize them. Marriage and family counseling is also a great way to help couples with ADHD to better understand each other and improve their communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults with ADHD seeks to improve everyday functioning by teaching skills and strategies. Psychotherapy can help individuals with ADHD overcome their self-esteem issues and the feeling of failure they often feel. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) assists individuals in changing the negative thoughts that create difficulties in their lives and to develop new ways of thinking, feeling and doing. This short-term, goal-oriented form of psychotherapy has proven to be effective for many illnesses such as anxiety and depression. It can be used alone or in conjunction with other therapies. CBT may include group therapy, which can be especially beneficial for adults suffering from ADHD as it offers the opportunity to meet others who have similar struggles and to learn how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or via phone. In one study, CBT was compared to the standard treatment for adults with ADHD. Both treatments improved self-report measures like symptoms, functioning, and quality of life. CBT has been compared with other psychosocial treatments in adults with ADHD. All of these studies have shown significant reductions in ADHD symptoms with effects ranging from medium to large. These improvements were linked to diverse approaches, including interpersonal and cognitive behavioral therapy, social skills training, problem-solving and mindfulness meditation. It is important to compare the effectiveness of different treatments for adult ADHD with caution. It is likely that the differences in the results of treatment are due to a variety of factors, including the treatment characteristics and measures used. There are few studies that have investigated the effectiveness neurofeedback. This technique involves wearing a hat with electrodes while performing cognitive tasks in order to pinpoint brain areas in which there is excessive or insufficient activity. The individual is then taught to regulate these patterns. Counseling Many people with ADHD have anxiety or mood disorders that require treatment. Counseling can help with these issues which may be causing ADHD symptoms. adhd in adults treatment is among the psychotherapy methods which can improve the ability of a person to resolve conflicts and develop meaningful relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy seeks to alter negative behaviors and assist in reducing self-destructive and impulsive behavior that can lead to problems at school or work. In certain situations, psychotherapy can be used in combination with medication for adults with adhd treatment. People who have comorbid conditions such as bipolar disorder, and substance abuse need to be evaluated carefully to ensure they do not suffer from symptoms that aren't improved by the medication that are prescribed to treat ADHD. People with certain medical issues like thyroid disorders, lead poisoning, and a history of seizures, have to be treated with more vigor because they are at higher risk of developing complications from the medication. When ADHD is serious enough to affect daily functioning and quality-of-life intensive outpatient programs might be suggested. These programs offer a more thorough and organized treatment than traditional outpatient therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps adults suffering from ADHD improve their ability to manage time management and impulse control, executive function, and planning. It helps them identify and express their emotions and employs worksheets and exercises to make the lessons more enjoyable. The training in mindfulness meditation enhances CBT and enhances the capacity of a person's ability to concentrate and regulate emotions. adhd treatment for adults improves a person's capacity to manage stress and arousal. It can assist them in dealing with anger, sadness, and other emotions that could be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults with ADHD often report difficulty functioning at home and at work. These symptoms can also affect relationships and cause financial issues. Therapy that addresses these issues can help increase self-esteem, address the root causes of your issues and develop healthy coping strategies. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a useful treatment for adults suffering from ADHD because it helps you modify your negative beliefs and behavior. It is focused on teaching time management techniques and overcoming thinking distortions that can cause negative moods, and the perception of a limited number of choices. Many adults with ADHD have depression or anxiety disorders as comorbid conditions. These psychiatric disorders can exacerbate or diminish the effectiveness of some treatments for ADHD. It is therefore recommended to first treat the most severe comorbid condition and then observe its reaction to the medication prior treating the other disorder. Occupational therapy can teach you how to manage your life and work, create routines that are predictable, manage time and money and build a positive self-image. It can help you master techniques for relaxation that can reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Additionally yoga and other exercises can help you focus better by ensuring your body is stable in various poses. Marriage and family counseling can help address the issues that people with ADHD often cause their spouses, children and other family members. They frequently complain that they are unreliable, disorganized, forgetful and susceptible to making decisions based on impulsivity. Therapy and classes where spouses and other family members are taught about ADHD can help you build more harmonious relationships. Furthermore, it can help you and your loved ones understand that these problems are related to the patient's ADHD instead of an absence of care or refusing to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a highly frequent neurobiological disorder. It is accompanied by a high rate of comorbidity, including depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. The use of medication and psychosocial interventions is available as treatment options. There are many medication options for adults suffering from ADHD. Certain of these medications have been evaluated in studies. These studies have highlighted the strengths and drawbacks of the drugs. Adults with ADHD might experience the same symptoms as children have, but it's difficult to determine since childhood symptoms may not persist in adulthood. Additionally, people with ADHD may not have a history of the disorder in their family or they may not remember experiencing symptoms. It is essential to take a thorough medical history in order to determine if the symptoms are due to an illness, such as thyroid problems, sleep apnea or hearing and vision issues. Medications for adults with ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and other non-stimulant medications. Stimulants have the highest reaction rates for adults suffering from ADHD. Their rates of responsiveness vary from 70% to 80%. Amphetamine as well as methylphenidate are the most commonly prescribed stimulants. Methylphenidate is also available in a transdermal system which allows for a continuous drug delivery throughout the day. Adults with ADHD can take non-stimulant drugs that work by affecting norepinephrine or dopamine. Desipramine is one of the most studied tricyclic and has been shown to be effective for adults suffering from ADHD. It is a medication with a low dose that should be increased every seven days by 50mg until the desired effect is observed. Bupropion XL, another antidepressant, has been proven to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine-agonist which is effective in blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transporter which increases its accessibility to the brain. The drug is known to boost mood in adults and reduce hyperactivity however it's not as effective at improving concentration or cognitive function as stimulants.